Chronic Hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis C is ongoing infection with hepatitis C virus that can gradually cause fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer without early symptoms.
Key points
- A positive antibody shows exposure, while HCV RNA is needed to confirm current infection.
- Modern direct-acting antiviral combinations can cure most infections after a finite course, but regimen selection still matters.
- Cirrhosis complications and liver-cancer surveillance can remain relevant after cure when advanced scarring is already present.
The listings below do not define a treatment course; fibrosis, kidney function, prior therapy and medicine interactions need review.
Assessment before treatment
Testing confirms HCV RNA and evaluates fibrosis, liver function, hepatitis B and HIV status. Current medicines and supplements are checked because acid suppressants, anticonvulsants and other agents can interact strongly. Genotype is needed for some regimen choices but not every simplified pathway.
Cure and follow-up
Direct-acting antivirals block specific viral proteins and are used in combinations that prevent resistance. Cure is confirmed by undetectable HCV RNA after treatment. Reinfection remains possible, so ongoing exposure prevention matters. People without advanced fibrosis may need little liver follow-up after cure; cirrhosis requires continued surveillance.
When to seek urgent care
Seek urgent care for vomiting blood, black stool, new confusion, severe drowsiness, rapidly increasing abdominal swelling, fainting or jaundice with fever or severe pain.