Herpes Zoster
Herpes zoster, or shingles, is reactivation of varicella-zoster virus in a sensory nerve. It usually causes pain followed by a one-sided band of blisters and can leave persistent nerve pain after the rash heals.
Key points
- Antiviral benefit is greatest when treatment begins early, but later assessment may still matter if new blisters or complications are present.
- A rash near the eye, ear or nose can threaten sight, hearing or facial-nerve function.
- Covering lesions and avoiding contact with vulnerable people reduces the risk of passing on chickenpox while blisters remain active.
An antiviral listing does not confirm shingles; rash location, onset, immune status, kidney function and complications determine treatment.
How does shingles develop?
Burning, tingling or sensitivity may precede grouped blisters in the same nerve distribution. The rash usually stays on one side. Pain continuing after healing is post-herpetic neuralgia and may need a different treatment approach.
What can treatment change?
Famciclovir and valaciclovir reduce viral replication and may shorten acute illness. Pain management and skin care are separate needs. Vaccination helps prevent shingles but does not treat an active episode. See antivirals for class context.
When to seek urgent care
Seek same-day care for rash on the forehead, nose or around an eye; eye pain or vision change; ear lesions with facial weakness or vertigo; widespread rash; confusion; limb weakness; or shingles during severe immune suppression.