Otitis Media
Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear, the space just behind the eardrum.
Key takeaways
- The typical picture includes ear pain, a feeling of fullness or muffled hearing, and sometimes fever.
- Ear examination is needed to distinguish acute infection from trapped middle-ear fluid, outer-ear disease and referred pain.
- Many mild episodes improve without antibiotics; age, severity, examination findings and reliable follow-up affect whether an antibiotic is advised.
The listings below do not confirm middle-ear infection; age, eardrum findings, severity and follow-up determine whether an antibiotic is appropriate.
Recognising the infection
Young children who cannot describe ear pain may tug at the ear, become unusually irritable, or sleep poorly. In some cases the eardrum perforates and releases fluid, which can bring sudden relief of pain but needs proper follow-up.
Antibiotic treatment
Many mild episodes improve with pain relief and observation. Antibiotics may be advised for some children, severe illness, persistent symptoms or particular examination findings; the choice follows clinical guidance, allergy history and recent antibiotic use. Cefuroxime and cefixime are antibiotics, but a catalogue match does not mean either is preferred for an individual ear infection.
When to seek urgent care
Seek urgent care for swelling or redness behind the ear, the ear being pushed outward, severe headache, neck stiffness, unusual drowsiness, facial weakness, or a very unwell child. New ear discharge, persistent fever or worsening pain needs prompt assessment.