Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition involving widespread pain, fatigue, unrefreshing sleep and increased sensitivity. It changes how pain is processed but does not itself inflame or damage the joints.
Key points
- Diagnosis is based on the symptom pattern and assessment for other explanations; no single blood test confirms fibromyalgia.
- Gradual activity, sleep support and pacing are central, while medicines may reduce selected symptoms rather than cure the condition.
- New focal weakness, a swollen joint, fever or unexplained weight loss is not typical and should not be attributed automatically to fibromyalgia.
Medicine listings do not confirm fibromyalgia or identify the best option; treatment depends on the dominant symptoms, other conditions and adverse-effect risks.
How is fibromyalgia evaluated?
A clinician considers how long pain has been widespread, sleep quality, fatigue and cognitive symptoms. Examination and targeted tests help check for inflammatory, endocrine, neurological or medication-related causes without turning the process into an endless search for abnormalities.
Which treatments may help?
Regular low-impact exercise is usually built up slowly to avoid a boom-and-bust cycle. Sleep measures, pacing and psychological therapies can improve function. Some antidepressants, including milnacipran, act on pain-processing pathways; choice depends on sleep, mood, blood pressure and other medicines.
When to seek urgent care
Seek urgent assessment for sudden weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, chest pain, severe breathing difficulty, new confusion or thoughts of self-harm. Prompt medical review is appropriate for fever, a hot swollen joint or rapidly worsening unexplained symptoms.