Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental condition in which persistent inattention, impulsivity or hyperactivity causes meaningful impairment.
Key points
- Symptoms begin in childhood and should be evident across settings, even when diagnosis is not made until adulthood.
- Sleep problems, anxiety, depression, learning difficulties, autism and substance use can overlap and need consideration.
- Medicine can improve core symptoms for many people, but goals, monitoring and practical supports remain essential.
The listings below do not diagnose ADHD; cardiovascular history, mental health, substance risk and current medicines affect suitability.
Building a diagnosis
Assessment uses developmental and school or work history, reports from more than one setting and evidence of functional impact. There is no standalone blood test or brain scan for ADHD. Clinicians also look for hearing, sleep, mood and learning problems that may explain or compound symptoms.
Treatment and monitoring
Environmental adjustments, skills coaching and behavioural or psychological support address organisation and functioning. Stimulant and non-stimulant medicines have different onset and adverse-effect profiles. Reviews track blood pressure, pulse, appetite, sleep, mood, growth in children and whether agreed functional goals improve.
When to seek urgent care
Get urgent help for suicidal thoughts, severe agitation or confusion, hallucinations, collapse, chest pain, seizure or dangerous behaviour creating immediate risk.
